ADHD Medication and Pregnancy
Psychologists often see women who are trying to get pregnant or are expecting and worried about the impact of their ADHD medication on the baby. There is good news: Research suggests that, in the end it is safe to continue taking stimulant medications during pregnancy.
The findings are based on naturalistic studies that include a large number of exposures to the first trimester.
Pregnancy
Pregnancy and a new baby are exciting for women, however some can worry about the effects of their ADHD medication on their child who is yet to be born. Stimulant medications are known to have teratogenic effects and some physicians recommend patients to stop taking their medication when trying to conceive or during the first trimester of pregnancy. Many people suffering from ADHD need their medication in order to function and may struggle with it without it.
A recent study in Denmark discovered that the exposure to methylphenidate in the first trimester (in the form of a redeemed prescription) does not appear to increase the risk of major malformations as compared to a control group without prescriptions redeemed during the first trimester of pregnancy. The study used registry-based data from various Danish databases to determine the number of pregnant women and their medications prior to and during pregnancy including information about whether the woman was treated for ADHD.
Researchers followed 898 babies whose mothers were exposed to methylphenidate and other stimulants in the first trimester. They were compared to 1,270 babies in the control group that did not receive any stimulant medication, such as methylphenidate, in the first trimester of pregnancy.
Both groups of babies were screened for neurodevelopmental psychiatric disorders as well as other neurodevelopmental impairments growth impairments, fetal heart defects (such as gastroschisis, omphalocele, or transverse limb deficiency). The results showed that babies of women exposed to methylphenidate while in utero did not have increased rates of any of these conditions when contrasted with the control group. This was true for the first and second trimesters.
iampsychiatry.com is a promising outcome that can provide comfort to pregnant women who are taking ADHD medication and might want or require treatment throughout their pregnancy. The study did not examine the effects of lifestyle changes or other medications on the pregnant fetus. Other studies have shown that there is a link between stimulant medications and adverse pregnancy outcomes such as a caesarean birth or a baby needing assistance to breathe upon birth.
Breastfeeding
Even if women suffering from ADD or ADHD require medication to control their symptoms, they realize that breastfeeding helps their baby. It is crucial that the mother and infant are well-nourished, and the decision to breastfeed or take ADHD medication should be made in consultation with a health care provider. Based on the most recent guidelines and research1 that a woman does not need to stop breastfeeding in order to take the prescribed medication. In fact, multiple studies have shown that the long-term neurodevelopmental effects for the baby are minimal when the mother is taking her ADHD medications according to the prescription.
Stimulants are the most commonly used medication used to treat ADHD, including methylphenidate (with brand names Ritalin and Concerta) and dexamfetamine (brand name Vyvanse). They are available in immediate-release form, which lasts for up to four hours and extended-release forms that are taken every day in the morning and could last as long as 16 hours. Many people suffering from ADD or ADHD find the best way to manage symptoms is to take an extended-release medicine in the evening or afternoon and then follow it up with a tablet that is immediate-release.
Certain medications, like Clonidine, decrease prolactin production and are not compatible with breastfeeding. Certain people suffering from ADD and ADHD don't want to stop nursing for this reason, and so they switch to a different stimulant. These medications are less likely contain high RIDs, and they may be covered under the Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme. If you are thinking about changing your medication during pregnancy or nursing it is essential to speak with an GP or specialist. They can provide advice about the most safest medication to use and the best way to monitor your infant's weight and growth. They may also refer you to a psychiatrist or psychologist for further assistance. They may also refer you to a dietitian to assist with managing nutrition and diet.
Postpartum
During pregnancy, women experience enormous hormonal, physical, and emotional changes. The transition to motherhood can bring great excitement, joy, and love, but also frustration, anxiety, or sadness for some women. This is normal and it is crucial that the new mother gets assistance from her family as well as her health care provider, and/or an expert in mental health when she is experiencing difficulties.
It can be exciting to have a baby and it can also be overwhelming, but a new mom shouldn't feel that she has to do everything alone. Finding the right balance is challenging, but it can be made easier by allowing yourself to rest, taking enough sleep and eating healthy. It is also crucial to go to your postpartum checkups since they will be able to identify any potential issues early on.
The "baby blues" is the term used to describe a brief period during which some women feel depressed or anxious after the birth of their baby. This is a common condition that will usually subside on its own in around a week. Certain people experience symptoms that are more intense and last longer. This is known as postpartum depression, and is a medical condition that can be treated. If a woman had anxiety or depression in the past, she is more likely to experience it again after giving birth.
In rare instances, a woman may develop postpartum psychiasis. This can be extremely dangerous for both mother and child. This is a psychiatric crisis that should be treated promptly. Treatment may include the use of medications and therapy. A therapist who has had experiences with this condition can be particularly helpful. If the symptoms are severe, electroconvulsive (ECT) therapy is advised.
In the case of an episode of postpartum psychiasis in a mom her doctor will likely prescribe an antipsychotic like Valproate or lithium and a mood stabilizer like citalopram. They may also recommend cognitive behavioral therapy to deal with the underlying problems. Tricyclic antidepressants like nortriptyline and imipramine, are often prescribed, but they can cause serious side effects. They are usually only prescribed if other treatments have failed.
Adolescence
Adolescence is an important period of physical, cognitive and psychosocial growth. It requires a transition from dependence on parents to independence in making decisions and acting in the world around them. Adolescents are interested in expanding their social circle beyond their immediate family to include their friends, peers, and acquaintances. Their social circle could also include members of student organizations and team sports, as well as jobs.
As we grow older, the changes in brain structure and connectivity are influenced by increasing experience, knowledge and the changing demands of society which result in rapid cognitive growth. This includes improvement in divided and selective attention (the ability to focus on multiple stimuli at once), working memory and long-term memory. Additionally, adolescents' ability of thinking abstractly and morally also improves.
These cognitive changes are often accompanied with hormonal changes, which make teenagers more attracted to novel and intense experiences. Their hormones also cause them to seek out experiences that will elevate their status in the public's eyes. The desire to explore new things can be utilized to benefit others such as by taking part in a school play. It can also be used to take healthy risks like exploring sexual activities or other risky behavior, provided that they are in a safe and secure environment.
The various levels of physical growth could create awkward adolescent stages and feelings of anxiety or self-consciousness about their body changes. In certain cultures, such as those of Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander, adolescence is a time when young people find their place within their families, clans and their communities as well as their ancestors and their country.
Teens' relationships with friends can be a source of support or conflict during this time. These relationships are important for adolescents' health and can be a major influence on their happiness and well-being. The relationship between adolescents and their parents can be an important source of support, particularly if they can work out family problems together in a non-confrontational way.